The difference between the basic bowling shoes and the performance bowling shoes is, the basic shoes are made with slide soles on both shoes.  Performance bowling shoes have a slide sole on the left shoe and a rubber sole on the right shoe, assuming you are right handed (they are reversed if you are left handed).

The advantage to having performance bowling shoes is that you have the ability on most of them to change the sole to adapt to different approaches (wood or synthetic approaches). So you can adjust your slide weather you want more or less slide depending on your style of bowling.  It also give better footing and leverage at the foul line because of the rubber sole on the push off shoe.

So if you are serious about bowling you should definitely consider getting yourself a pair of performance shoes. 

Men's Tour Ultra Black Right Handed

Men's SST 8